The Nilgiri Mountain Railway, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a marvel of engineering and a testament to the ingenuity of British colonial-era railway construction in India. Nestled in the picturesque Nilgiri Hills of Tamil Nadu, this narrow-gauge railway has been winding its way through lush landscapes and steep gradients since its inception in the late 19th century.

The idea of connecting the plains with the Nilgiri Hills by rail was conceived in the late 19th century during the British colonial period. The Nilgiri Mountain Railway was commissioned to provide a vital transportation link to the hill station of Ooty, then a popular summer retreat for British residents seeking respite from the sweltering heat of the plains.

The construction of the Nilgiri Mountain Railway commenced in 1891, and the line was opened to the public in phases. The British engineer, Arthur H. Adiew, played a pivotal role in designing the railway, which required innovative engineering solutions to navigate the challenging terrain of the Nilgiri Hills. The railway's unique and intricate system was recognized when it was granted UNESCO World Heritage status in 2005.

The Nilgiri Mountain Railway covers a distance of approximately 46 kilometers, traversing a mesmerizing route from Mettupalayam in the plains to Ooty in the hills. The train negotiates steep gradients, sharp curves, and lush greenery, offering passengers breathtaking views of tea plantations, dense forests, and the scenic beauty of the Nilgiri Hills. The railway is renowned for its picturesque landscapes and has become a popular tourist attraction.

Only Rack Railway in India