History of Samanar Hills (Madurai)

The Samanar Hills (also called Samana Malai or Jain Hills) in Keelakuyilkudi, near Madurai, is a 2,000-year-old historical site showcasing Tamil Nadu's rich Jain heritage. These rocky hills feature ancient Jain caves, inscriptions, and stone carvings dating back to the 1st–3rd century CE, when Jainism flourished under the Pandya dynasty. The site includes meditative shelters (beds carved into rocks), Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions, and stunning bas-relief sculptures of Jain Tirthankaras, particularly Lord Mahavira. Unlike other Jain sites in Tamil Nadu, Samanar Hills uniquely blends spiritual, archaeological, and natural beauty, with panoramic views of Madurai from the hilltop. The annual Mahavir Jayanti festival sees Jain devotees and history enthusiasts visiting this serene, offbeat destination. Key Highlights: Ancient Jain Caves – Rock-cut shelters used by Jain monks for meditation over 2,000 years ago. Tamil-Brahmi Inscriptions – Some of the oldest Jain scripts in Tamil Nadu, detailing monks’ lives. Sculptures of Tirthankaras – Exquisite bas-relief carvings of Jain saints, including Mahavira and Parshvanatha. Natural Rock Beds – Flat stone beds where ascetics practiced severe penance (Kayotsarga posture). Pandya-Era Legacy – Proof of Jainism’s prominence in pre-Pallava Tamilakam. Offbeat & Serene – Less crowded than Madurai’s temples, ideal for peaceful hikes and photography. Mahavir Jayanti Celebrations – Annual festival (March/April) with prayers and cultural events. Panoramic Views – The hilltop offers 360° vistas of Madurai and surrounding plains. UNESCO Potential – Recognized as a protected monument by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).